Process for preparation of indolizine based derivatives as potential phosphodiestrase 3 (pde3) inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compounds of general formula 1 useful as potential phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibitory agents and a process for the preparation thereof. The derivatives of formula 1 can be employed as therapeutics in human and veterinary medicine, where they can be used, for example, for the treatment and prophylaxis of the following diseases: heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, platelet inhibitors, cancer and obstructive pulmonary diseases.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 14/168,370, which was filed Jan. 30, 2014 which claims priority from Indian Application No. 0287-DEL-2013, filed Feb. 1, 2013, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel indolizine based derivatives as potential phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibitors and process for the preparation thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to indolizine based derivatives of formula 1 and process for preparing of said compounds.

More particularly, the present invention relates to indolizine based derivatives useful as phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibitory agents. The structural formula of these indolizine based derivatives is given below.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of death in patients with heart disease. Digitalis glycosides (Drug that is extracted from the leaves of the foxglove plant) have been used for the treatment of CHF for more than 200 years (Gheorghiade, M.; Zarowitz, B. J.; Am. J. Cardiol., 1992, 69, 48G). However, application of these agents are limited because of their narrow therapeutic window and their propensity that cause life-threatening arrhythmias (arrhythmogenic liability). Thus digitalis has been replaced by a new class of cardiotonic agents named as a well known PDE3 inhibitor Amrinone and Milrinone, a 2-oxopyridine derivative that has been introduced to the clinic for the treatment of CHF in place of digitalis (Kikura, M.; Levy, J. H.; Int. Anestesiol. Clin., 1995, 33, 21). These PDE inhibitors display a greater safety profile and improved efficacy on patient survival.

Phosphodiesterases are a class of intracellular enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP) which are involved in the regulation of important cell functions, such as secretion, contraction, metabolism, and growth (Potter, B. V. L.; Transmembrane Signalling Second Messenger Analogues and Inositol Phosphates. In Comprehensive Medical Chemistry; Hansch, C.; Sammes, P. G.; Taylor, J. B.; Eds. Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1990; pp 102-128). On the basis of structure, and substrate specificity PDE enzymes can be grouped into eleven different families, PDE1 to PDE11 (Beavo, J. A.; Physiol. Rev., 1995, 75, 725).

Each PDE isozyme has a conserved C-terminal catalytic domain and unique N-terminal regulatory domain. These isozymes are found in different tissues and cells of the humans such as smooth muscle, brain, heart, lung, platelets, lymphocytes etc. and in other species (Bender, A. T.; Beavo, J. A.; Pharmacol Rev., 2006, 58, 488). PDE3 and PDE4 are well established in cardiovascular tissues (Nicholson, C. D.; Challiss, R. A. J.; Shahid, M.; Trends Phahrmacol Sci., 1991, 12, 19). Among all subtypes of PDE, PDE3 is predominantly expressed in heart and platelets. Thus PDE3 play an important role in heart and platelet (Palson, J. B.; Strada, S. J.; Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1996, 36, 403).

Inhibition of PDE brings about various physiological reactions, for example inhibition of PDE3enhances myocardial contraction, produces vasodilatation, and suppresses platelet aggregation (Abadi, A. H.; Ibrahim, T. M.; Abouzid, K. M.; Lehmann, J.; Tinsley, H. N.; Gary, B. D.; Piazza, G. A.; Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2009, 17, 5974). These are the reasons why PDE3 inhibitors can be used to treat heart failure.

In addition, the PDE3 isozyme is specific for c-AMP and has no effect on c-GMP and calmodulin. Therefore, inhibition of PDE3 isoenzyme in cardiovascular tissues may lead to high levels of c-AMP and consequent inotropic effect.

Recent studies revealing that PDE3, PDE4, and PDE5 isozymes are over expressed in cancerous cells compared with normal cells. Thus inhibition of PDE3 together with other PDE's may lead to inhibition of tumor cell growth and angiogenesis (Cheng J. B.; Grande, J. P.; Exp. Biol. Med., 2007, 232, 38).

Recently, PDE3/4 inhibitors have attracted considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PDE4 or PDE3 inhibitors alone are unable to inhibit spasmogen-induced contraction of human airway, but in combination act synergistically. While PDE3 inhibitor has been shown to inhibit cough, PDE4 inhibitor may be able to stimulate mucociliary clearance. This diverse spectrum of biological effects has thus implicated PDE3/4 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for a range of disease indications including COPD. (Banner, K. H.; Press, N. J.; Br. J. Pharmacol., 2009, 157(6): 892-906.)

The present invention describes the synthesis of novel indolizine based derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3). PDE3 inhibitors are useful for the prevention of heart failure and inhibit platelet aggregation.

The following references are examples for the synthesis and biological evaluation of some of the PDE or PDE3 inhibitors. The prior art contain useful information and discussion on the preparation and properties of PDE inhibitors.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,561, reported synthesis of novel 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones having an aryl or heteroaryl group on the 6^(th) position, useful as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, prepared by reacting a 2-amino-5-(aryl or heteroaryl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid with diphenylphosphorylazide.

US Pat. No. 20070208051, reports PDE3/4 inhibition by novel N-(alkoxyalkyl) carbamoyl substituted 6-phenyl-benzonaphthyridine derivatives.

Recently our publication reported [Ravinder et al Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., (2012)] Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2-Pyridone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Phospho-diestarase3 (-PDE3): A Target for Heart Failure and Platelet Aggregation.

Wang et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lett., (2012 Feb. 9) reports synthesis and evaluation of Sildenafil analogs against human phosphodiesterase5 (PDE5).

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

The main objective of the present invention is to provide novel indolizine based analogues useful as potential phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibitors. Yet another object of this invention is to provide a process for the preparation of novel indolizine based derivatives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed towards the synthesis of novel indolizine based analogues of formula 1 having phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibition activity.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the novel indolizine based analogues axe represented by the following compounds of formula 1a-p.

In yet another embodiment the indolizine (1a-p) based analogues are represented as:

Ethyl 6-benzyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1a) Ethyl 6-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1b) Ethyl 6-(3-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1c) Ethyl 6-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1d) Ethyl 6-(2-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1e) Ethyl 6-(3-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1f) Ethyl 6-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1g) Ethyl 6-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1h) Ethyl 6-(2-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1i) Ethyl 6-(3-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1j) Ethyl 6-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1k) Ethyl 5-oxo-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1l) Ethyl 5-oxo-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1m) Ethyl 6-(4-methylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1n) Ethyl 6-(4-ethylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1o) Ethyl 6-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroindolizine-8-carboxylate (1p)

The present invention further provides a process for preparation of novel indolizines based analogues of formula 1, and the said process comprising of following steps:

-   -   1. reacting an olefin of formula 3

-   -   2. with a substituted benzaldehydes of formula 2

-   -    in presence of a catalyst and isolating the compound of formula         4

-   -   3. adding pyridine to a compound of formula 4 of step 1 in         presence of an organic solvent, and under argon atmosphere         followed by addition of an acetyl chloride and isolating the         acetylated compound of formula 5

-   -   4. reacting an acetylated compounds of formula 5 of step 2 with         substituted 2-pyrolidine-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6 in         presence of an organic sol vent and a base and isolating the         compound of formula 1

The present invention further provides a process for preparation of novel indolizines based analogues of formula 1a-p, and the said process comprising of following steps

1. reacting an olefin of formula (3a) with a substituted benzaldehydes of formula (2a-p) in presence of a catalyst and isolating the compound of formula 4a-p.

2. adding pyridine to a compound of formula 4 a-p of step 1 in presence of an organic solvent, and under argon atmosphere followed by addition of an acetyl chloride and isolating the acetylated compound of formula 5 a-p.

3. reacting acetylated compounds of formula 5 a-p of step 2 with a substituted 2-pyrolidine-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6a in presence of an organic solvent and a base and isolating the compound of formula 1a-p.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention the catalyst used in step 1 is selected from the group consisting of quinuclidine 3-HQD (3-hydroxy quinuclidine), 3-quinuclidone, DBU, pyrrocoline, DMAP (dimethylaminopyridine), TMPDA (N,N,N¹,N¹-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine), imidazole, TMG (tetramethyl guanidine), triethyl amine, dimethyl sulfide/TiCl₄, TiCl₄,trialkylphosphines and RhH(PPh₃)₄,

In yet another embodiment of the present invention the reaction between the substituted aromatic aldehyde of formula 2 and an olefin of formula 3 in step 1 is carried out at a temperature ranging between 25-35° C.

In another embodiment of the present invention the reaction between the pyridine and a compound of formula 4 in presence of an organic solvent in step 2 is carried out for a time period ranging between 1-2 hour and the reaction between the acetyl chloride with the above said solution is carried out at a temperature ranging between 25-35° C.

In another embodiment of the present invention the reaction between the 2-pyrolidne-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6 and a compound of formula 5 in step 3 is carried out at a temperature ranging between 4-5 hour.

In another embodiment of the present invention the bases used in step 3 is selected from the group consisting of NaH (100%), NaH (60%), NaOMe, NaOEt and t-BuOK.

In another embodiment of the reaction the organic solvents used in step 3 is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide.

In another embodiment of the reaction the compound of formula 4 a-p is selected from the group consisting of ethyl 2-(hydroxyl(phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((fluorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((3 -fluorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl-2-((4-fluorophenyl)(hydroxul)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((2-chlorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((3-chlorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((4-chlorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2((2,4-dichlorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((bromophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl-2-(hydroxyl(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate, and ethyl-2(hydroxyl(4(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2″(hydroxyl(p-tolyl)methyl)acrylate.

In another embodiment of the reaction, the compound of formula 5 a-p is selected, from the group consisting of ethyl 2-(acetoxy(phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-(acetoxy (2-fluorophenyl)methyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate and ethyl2-(acetoxy(2-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate.

In another embodiment of the reaction the aromatic aldehyde of step 1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyl, halo, dihalo and hydrogen substituted, aromatic aldehyde.

In another embodiment of the reaction, the compound of formula 1 are used as Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitory agents.

Please change name of formula from 4a-q to 4a-p as a-p compounds are formed according to scheme 1.

-   -   wherein Z=electron withdrawing group

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

FIG. 1: Scheme 1 illustrates the process for preparation of compound of formula 5.

FIG. 2: Scheme 2 illustrates the process for preparation of compound of formula 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The precursor substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a-p), activated olefines (3a) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) are commercially available and indolizines (1a-p) of formula have been prepared as illustrated in the Schemes (1-2).

i. The substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a-p) reacted with the activated olefins (3a) using DABCO at room temperature (25-35° C.) for 10-12 h to obtain desired Baylis-Hillman adducts (4a-p).

ii. To a solution of Baylis-Hillman adducts (4a-p) in dichloromethane at 0° C., under argon atmosphere pyridine was added after 10 min acetyl chloride, was added and allow it to stir at room temperature (25-35° C.) for 2 h to obtain desired acetylated Baylis-Hillman adducts (5a-p).

All the indolizine based derivatives have been synthesized and were purified by column chromatography using solvents like ethyl acetate, hexane, chloroform and methanol.

Procedure of Indolizine formations: To a solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil) and dry THF (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) was added at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then acetylated Baylis-Hillman adducts (5a-p) in dry THF was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold-water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, solvent evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography by using silica gel with ethylacetate/hexane as eluent.

These new analogues of indolizine based derivatives were screened for their phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) inhibition activity and found as potential phosphodiesterase3 inhibitors. The synthesized molecules presented here are of immense biological significance.

General Procedure for the Preparation Baylis-Hillman Adducts (4a-p)

Substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a-p) (10 mmol), activated olefin (3a) (20 mmol) and DABCO (30 mol % with respect to aldehyde) were mixed and allowed to stir at room temperature until completion of the reaction (TLC), 10-12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ether (3×25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography using 10% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford pure Baylis-Hillman adducts (4a-p) in 80-90% yield.

IUPAC Names of the Baylis-Hillman Adducts (4a-p)

ethyl 2-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)acrylate (4a) ethyl 2-((2-fluorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4b) ethyl 2-((3-fluorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4c) ethyl 2-((4-fluorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4d) ethyl 2-((2-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4e) ethyl 2-((3-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4f) ethyl 2-((4-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4g) ethyl 2-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4h) ethyl 2-((2-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4i) ethyl 2-((3-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4j) ethyl 2-((4-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4k) ethyl 2(hydroxy(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (4l) ethyl 2-(hydroxy(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (4m) ethyl 2-(hydroxy(p-tolyl)methyl)acrylate (4n) ethyl 2-((4-ethylphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (4o) ethyl 2-(hydroxy(4-isopropylphenyl)methyl)acrylate (4p)

General Procedure for the Preparation of Acetylated Baylis-Hillman Adducts (5a-p)

To a well stirred solution of Baylis-Hillman adduct (4a-p) (10 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) at 0° C. under argon atmosphere pyridine (11 mmol) was added slowly and stirred for 10 min. Then acetyl chloride (11 mmol) was added and allowed to stir at room temperature until the reaction completed (TLC) 1-2 h. After completion of the reaction, diluted the reaction with water (15 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2×25 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. CuSO₄ solution until pyridine removed, then the layers were separated and dried over Na₂SO₄, solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was subjected to column chromatography using 5% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford pure compounds acetylated Baylis-Hillman adducts (5a-p) in 90-95% yield.

IUPAC Names of the Acetylated Baylis-Hillman Adducts (5a-p)

ethyl 2-(acetoxy(phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5a) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5b) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5c) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5d) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5e) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5f) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5g) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)aerylate (5h) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-bromophenyl)methyl)aerylate (5i) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-bromophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5j) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-bromophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5k) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5l) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5m) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(p-tolyl)methyl)acrylate (5n) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-ethylphenyl)methyl)acrylate (5o) ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-isopropylphenyl)methyl)acrylate (5p)

EXAMPLES

The following examples are given by way of illustration.

Example 1

Ethyl 6-benzyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1a)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5a) (246 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1a as white solid (212 mg, 72% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.14 (m, 4H), 4.25 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, J=Hz, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 165.0, 161.9, 155.0, 139.5, 137.4, 129.1, 129.0, 128.4, 126.2, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 36.0, 33.6, 20.8, 14.3; MS (ESI); m/z 298 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₂₀NO₃; 298.1443; found: 298.1456.

Example 2

Ethyl 6-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1b)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5b) (264 mg, 1 mmol) (5 mL) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1b as pale yellow solid (234 mg, 75% yield).

¹H NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃); δ 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.36-6.96 (m, 4H), 4.25 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 4.14 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.19 (m, 3H), 1.33 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 161.8, 155.3, 137.7, 129.6, 128.2, 124.6, 124.6, 115.8, 115.5, 113.2, 112.9, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 35.7, 33.6, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 316 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃F: 316.1348; found: 316.1353.

Example 3

Ethyl 6-(3-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1c)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 xmg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5c) (264 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 3c as pale yellow solid (229 mg, 73% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.27-6.85 (m, 4H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H); 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.4, 137.7, 129.8, 129.7, 128.2, 124.6, 115.6, 113.3, 113.0, 60.7, 49.3, 35.8, 33.7, 20.8, 14.4; MS (ESI): m/z 316 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃F: 316.1348; found: 316.1336.

Example 4

Ethyl 6-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1d)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5d) (264 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1d as ash colour solid (238 mg, 76% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.27-6.91 (m, 4H), 4.28 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.1, 137.3, 130.4, 130.3, 128.8, 115.2, 114.9, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 35.3, 33.6, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 316 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI); m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉ NO₃F: 316.1348; found: 316.1335.

Example 5

Ethyl 6-(2-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1e)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5e) (280 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1e as ash colour solid (240 mg, 73% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.61 (s, 1H), 736-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.24 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.0, 137.7, 136.7, 134.3, 131.4, 129.4, 127.8, 127.0, 126.7, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 33.6, 33.5, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 332 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃Cl: 332.1053; found: 332.1038.

Example 6

Ethyl 6-(3-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1f)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5f) (280 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1f as ash colour solid (230 mg, 70% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.15 (m, 4H), 4.29 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.7, 155.4, 141.5, 137.7, 134.0, 129.6, 128.8, 128.0, 127.2, 126.4, 105.4, 60.7, 49.5, 35.7, 33.7, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 332 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃Cl: 332.1053; found: 332.1045.

Example 7

Ethyl 6-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1g)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and dry THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-chlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5g) (280 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography by using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1g as ash colour solid (267 mg, 81% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 4H), 4.28 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.3, 138.0, 137.5, 137.3, 132.0, 130.3, 128.4, 105.4, 60.67, 49.3, 35.5, 33.7, 20.8, 14.3; MS (ESI): 332 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₂₀NO₃Cl: 332.1053; found: 332.1051.

Example 8

Ethyl 6-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1h)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5h) (315 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1h as ash colour solid (280 mg, 77% yield).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.15 (m, 3H), 4.28 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (50 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.5, 161.4, 155.0, 137.7, 135.1, 134.6, 132.4, 131.9, 128.9, 126.7, 126.1, 105.2, 60.4, 49.0, 33.4, 32.9, 20.5, 14.1; MS (ESI): m/z 366 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₈NO₃Cl₂: 366.0663; found: 316.0654.

Example 9

Ethyl 6-(2-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1i)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-bromophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5i) (324 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1i as ash colour solid (291 mg, 78% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.05 (m, 4H), 4.25 (q, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.7, 138.4, 137.8, 132.8, 131.4, 128.0, 127.4, 127.0, 124.9, 105.4, 60.6, 49.3, 35.9, 33.6, 20.8, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 376 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+E]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃Br: 376.0548; found: 376.0537.

Example 10

Ethyl 6-(3-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1j)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-bromophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5j) (324 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1j as white solid (280 mg, 75% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃+DMSO-d₆): δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.11 (m, 4H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.8, 155.5, 141.9, 137.8, 131.8, 129.9, 129.4, 128.1, 127.8, 122.4, 105.4, 60.7, 49.3, 35.8, 33.7, 20.8, 14.4; MS (ESI): m/z 376 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃Br: 376.0548; found: 376.0533.

Example 11

Ethyl 6-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1k)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-bromophenyl)methyl)acrylate (5k) (324 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1k as white solid (295 mg, 79% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.15 (m, 4H), 4.29 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.25-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.34 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.9, 161.7, 155.3, 138.5, 137.5, 131.4, 130.7, 128.3, 120.0, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 35.6, 33.6, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): 376 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₈H₁₉NO₃Br: 376.0548; found: 376.0533.

Example 12

Ethyl 5-oxo-6-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1l)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5l) (314 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction Was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1l as ash colour solid (258 mg, 71% yield).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.66-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 4H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 3H): ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.8, 161.8, 155.1, 137.9, 137.8, 131.8, 131.5, 127.9, 126.4, 126.0, 125.9, 105.4, 60.5, 49.3, 33.6, 32.0, 20.7, 14.2; MS (ESI): m/z 366 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₉H₁₉NO₃F₃: 366.1317; found: 366.1308.

Example 13

Ethyl 5-oxo-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1m)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate (5m) (314 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1m as ash colour solid (269 mg, 74% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.74-7.26 (m, 5H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ164.8, 161.7, 155.5, 143.6, 137.8, 129.1, 128.7, 127.9, 125.3, 125.2, 105.4, 60.7, 49.2, 36.0, 33.7, 20.7, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 366 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₉H₁₉NO₃F₃: 366.1317; found: 366.1311.

Example 14

Ethyl 6-(4-methylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1n)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(p-tolyl)methyl)acrylate (5n) (260 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel-with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1n as pale yellow solid (241 mg, 78% yield).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.19-7.06 (m, 4H), 4.27 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s,3H), 2.24 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 165.0, 161.9, 154.9, 137.3, 137.1, 136.4, 135.6, 129.1, 128.8, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 35.6, 33.6, 21.0, 20.8, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 312 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₁₉H₂₂NO₃: 312.1599; found: 312.1614.

Example 15

Ethyl 6-(4-ethylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1o)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil 115 xmg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-ethylphenyl)methyl)acrylate (5o) (274 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1o as ash colour (242 mg, 75% yield).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.09 (m, 4H), 4.27 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 165.0, 161.9, 154.9, 142.0, 137.3, 136.6, 129.3, 128.9, 127.9, 105.4, 60.6, 49.2, 35.6, 33.6, 28.4, 20.8, 15.6, 14.3; MS (ESI): m/z 326 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₂₀H₂₄NO₃: 326.1756; found: 326.1769.

Example 16

Ethyl 6-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate (1p)

To a well stirred solution of NaH (60% in paraffin oil, 115 mg, 3 mmol) and THF (5 mL) (Z)-ethyl 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetate (6a) (155 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. under argon atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then ethyl 2-(acetoxy(4-isopropylphenyl)methyl)acrylate (5p) (288 mg, 1 mmol) was added slowly and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ice cold water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel with 30% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to obtained 1p as pale yellow solid (239 mg, 71% yield).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.12 (m, 4H), 4.26 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.83 (m, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 6H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 165.0, 161.9, 154.9, 146.6, 137.3, 136.7, 129.2, 128.8, 126.4, 105.3, 60.5, 49.2, 35.5, 33.7, 33.6, 23.9, 20.7, 14.2; MS (ESI): m/z 340 [M+H]⁺; HRMS (ESI): m/z [M+H]⁺ calculated for C₂₁H₂₆NO₃: 340.1912; found: 340.1906.

Pharmacology

Milrinone, a known PDE3 inhibitor, drug has been used as standard for comparison with the inhibitory activity of synthesized new analogues 1a-p. Milrinone is a nonsympathomimetic and nonglycosidic drug that increases myocardial contraction. It increases myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) concentration by selective inhibition of cardiac phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3) enzymes and increases intracellular calcium level, thereby increasing myocardial contractility (Weishaar R E, Quade M M, Schenden J A, Evans D B. Relationship between inhibition of cardiac muscle phosphodiesterase, changes in cyclic nucleotide levels, and contractile response for C1-914 and other novel cardiotonics. (J Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res 1985; 10:551-64). All PDE3 inhibitors has beneficial effects on the acute treatment of congestive heart failure (Bairn D S, McDowell A V, Cherniles J, et al. Evaluation of a new bipyridine inotropic agent—milrinone—in patients with severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1983;309:748-56) and offers an important therapeutic option for left ventricular failure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery because of its unique inodilator effects. PDE3 enzymes are present not only in cardiac muscle but it also present in platelets. In platelets, c-AMP generated from adenosine triphosphate by adenyl cyclase serves as an intracellular second messenger to inhibit the platelet activation at numerous steps (Campbell F W, Addonizo V P Jr. Platelet function alterations during cardiac surgery. In: Ellison N, Jobes D R, ed. Effective hemostasis in cardiac surgery. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1988: 93-5). Since abnormal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is most often due to an acute acquired defect in platelets (Harker L. Bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1446-8), preservation of platelet function is critical to maintaining normal hemostasis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

The commercially utility of the compounds according to the invention have valuable pharmacological properties. As selective inhibitors of type 3 of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase3 (PDE3), they are suitable for heart failure therapy as well as anti-thrombotic (platelet aggregation-inhibiting) therapy.

Biological Investigations

PDE3 inhibition assay was performed a BIOMOL GREENE™ Quantizyme Assay System (catalogue No. BML-AK800-0001). The Platelets isolated from human blood were used as a source of PDE3 enzyme. 10 mL blood collected in a vacutainer tube (containing K₃ EDTA) and centrifuged at 190× g for 15 min at room temperature. Top layer (platelet rich plasma) collected, centrifuged at 2500 g for 5 min at 22° C. (Room temp.) The pellet was washed with 2 ml of 50 mM tris buffer (pH-7.4) containing 1 mM MgCl₂ and centrifuged at 2500 g for 5 min. Then 200 μl of assay buffer (from PDE kit, Enzo Life Sciences) was added to the pellet and sonicated at 30 s per ml. Pellet was freeze thawed for three times (−80° C.) in order to rupture the platelet membrane and release the PDE enzyme. Then the cell homogenate was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min. Supernatant was collected and used as source for PDE3 enzyme. In 96 well plate (Prod. No. BML-K1101), we added supernatant having PDE3 enzyme, PDE3 assay buffer, cAMP substrate, 5′nucleotidase and test or standard compound and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C. The reaction was arrested by the addition 100 μl BIOMOL GREEN reagent incubated in room temp for 20 min. The green color developed was measured at 620 nm

Methodology

The in vitro Phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitory activity of compounds 1a-p were measured using a BIOMOL GREEN™ Quantizyme Assay System (catalogue No. BML-AK8000-0001). The basic principle for this assay is the cleavage of c-AMP or c-GMP into their respective nucleotide by a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The nucleotide (AMP or GMP) released is further cleaved into the nucleoside and phosphate by the enzyme 5′-nucleotidase. The extent of phosphate released is directly proportional to the PDE activity. In this screening method, the released phosphate by the enzymatic cleavage is quantified using BIOMOL GREEN reagent in a modified malachite green assay. The resulting green colour with λmax at 620 nm is directly proportional to the released phosphate and then PDE activity. All the compounds-tested in the desired concentrations did not show any significant absorbance at 620 nm under control conditions. Milrinone, a known PDE3 inhibitor drug has been used as a standard compound for comparison with the inhibitory activity of newly synthesized analogues. The concentration with 50% PDE3 activity (IC₅₀) of all tested compounds was calculated from dose response curves. IC₅₀ values of all compounds are summarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1 PDE3 inhibitory activity (IC₅₀) of Indolizine derivatives. Compound S. No Name IC₅₀ (PDE3) 1 Milrinone   3300 nM 2 1a 435.20 nM 3 1c 13.500 nM 4 1d   1600 nM 5 1e 129.10 nM 6 1g 108.02 nM 7 1h 576.80 nM 8 1j 11.300 nM 9 1k 67.300 nM

Significance of the Work Carried Out

The novel indolizine based analogues have been synthesized, exhibited potent phosphodiesterase3(PDE3) inhibition activity.

Advantages of the Invention

1. The present invention provides the synthesis of new indolizine analogues useful as phosphodiesterase3 inhibitory agents.

2. The present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel indolizine derivatives.

3. It is an another advantage that Baylis-Hillman adducts used as synthons for the synthesis

of targeted compounds.

4. It is an another advantage that the synthesized compounds are heterocyclic compound are heterocyclic derivatives.

5. It is an another advantage that the compounds are useful as cardiotonics.

6. It is an another advantage that bases utilised for the synthons are simple and base are commercially available.

7. It is an another advantage that the method used for the synthesis of compounds are novel. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for the preparation of compound of formula 1

said process comprising the following steps
 1. reacting a substituted aromatic aldehyde of formula 2

with an olefin of formula 3

in the presence of a catalyst with stirring and isolating compound of formula 4;


2. adding pyridine to a compound of formula 4 of step 1 in the presence of an organic solvent, under an argon atmosphere, followed by the addition of an acetyl chloride and isolating the acetylated compound of formula 5; and


3. reacting the acetylated compound of formula 5 of step 2 with a substituted 2-pyrolidine-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6 in the presence of an organic solvent and a base and isolating the compound of formula
 1.


2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst used in step 1 is selected from the group consisting of quinuclidine 3-HQD (3-hydroxy quinuclidine), 3-quinuclidone, DBU, pyrrocoline, DMAP (dimethylaminopyridine), TMPDA (N,N,N¹,N¹-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine), imidazole, TMG (tetramethyl guanidine), triethyl amine, dimethyl sulfide/TiCl₄, TiCl₄,trialkylphosphines and RhH(PPh₃)₄,
 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction between the substituted aromatic aldehyde of formula 2 and an olefin in step 1 is carried out at a temperature ranging between 25-35° C.
 4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction between the pyridine and a compound of formula 4 in presence of an organic solvent in step 2 is carried out at 0° C. for a time period ranging between 10-20 min and the reaction between the above said solution and a compound of formula 4 is carried out at 25-35° C. for a time period ranging between 1-2 hour.
 5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction between the 2-pyrolidine-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6 and a compound of formula 5 in step 3 is carried out at 0° C. for 3 h.
 6. A process as claimed in claim 1, for preparation of compound of formula 1 a-p, the said process comprising of following steps


1. reacting substituted aromatic aldehyde of formula 2a-p with an olefins of formula 3a in presence of a catalyst with stirring and isolating the compound of formula 4 a-p;


2. adding pyridine to a compound of formula 4 a-p of step 1 in presence of an organic solvent, under argon atmosphere followed by addition of an acetyl chloride and isolating the acetylated compound of formula 5 a-p; and


3. reacting an acetylated compound of formula 5 a-p of step 2 with substituted 2-pyrolidine-2-ylidene acetate of formula 6a in presence of an organic solvent and a base and isolating the compound of formula
 1.


7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base used in step 3 of claim 4 is selected from the group consisting of NaH (100%), NaH (60%), NaOMe, NaOEt and t-BuOK (NO support available in spec.).
 8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic solvents used in step 2 & 3 is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and dimethylformamide. (NO support available in spec.).
 9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 4 a-p formed in step 1 is selected from the group consisting of ethyl 2-(hydroxyl(phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((fluorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((3-fluorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl-2-((4-fluorophenyl)(hydroxul)methyl)acrylates ethyl 2-((2-chlorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((3-chlorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((4-chlorophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2((2,4-dichlorophenyl)hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-((bromophenyl)(hydroxyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl-2-(hydroxyl(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate and ethyl-2-(hydroxyl(4(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-(hydroxyl(p-tolyl)methyl)acrylate.
 10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 5 a-p formed in step 2 is selected from the group consisting of ethyl 2-(acetoxy(phenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl 2-(acetoxy (2-fluorophenyl)methyl)methyl)acrylate and ethyl 2-(acetoxy(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate, ethyl2-(acetoxy(2-fluorophenyl)methyl)acrylate.
 11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aromatic aldehyde of formula 2 a-p of step 1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyl, halo, dihalo and hydrogen substituted aromatic aldehyde. 